![]() ![]() ![]() This makes it one of the most successful franchises in history, which is even more impressive when you factor in that these games are for a more age-restricted audience, compared to the likes of Mario, Pokemon, and Minecraft.
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![]() Subtropical deserts exist between 15 ° and 30 ° north and south latitude and are centered on the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn ( Figure 1). “Savannas” by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0) Subtropical Deserts Figure 3: Savannas, like this one in Taita Hills Wildlife Sanctuary in Kenya, are dominated by grasses. Since fire is an important source of disturbance in this biome, plants have evolved well-developed root systems that allow them to quickly re-sprout after a fire. As a result, within the grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants) that dominate the savanna, there are relatively few trees ( Figure 3). Savannas have an extensive dry season for this reason, forest trees do not grow as well as they do in the tropical wet forest (or other forest biomes). Savannas are hot, tropical areas with temperatures averaging from 24 ☌ to 29 ☌ (75 ☏ to 84 ☏) and an annual rainfall of 10–40 cm (3.9–15.7 in). Savannas are grasslands with scattered trees, and they are located in Africa, South America, and northern Australia ( Figure 1). ![]() “Tropical wet forests” by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0) Savannas Figure 2: Tropical wet forests, such as these forests of Madre de Dios, Peru, near the Amazon River, have high species diversity. Some organisms live several meters above ground and have adapted to this arboreal lifestyle. Many species of animals use the variety of plants and the complex structure of the tropical wet forests for food and shelter. Epiphytes are found throughout tropical wet forest biomes. For instance, epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants, which typically are not harmed. These layers provide diverse and complex habitats for the variety of plants, fungi, animals, and other organisms within the tropical wet forests. Some additional trees emerge through this closed upper canopy. A layer of trees rises above this understory and is topped by a closed upper canopy-the uppermost overhead layer of branches and leaves. Above that is an understory of short shrubby foliage. On the forest floor is a sparse layer of plants and decaying plant matter. One way to visualize this is to compare the distinctive horizontal layers within the tropical wet forest biome. Tropical wet forests have more species of trees than any other biome on average between 100 and 300 species of trees are present in a single hectare (2.5 acres) of South America. Therefore, the extensive biomass present in the tropical wet forest leads to plant communities with very high species diversities ( Figure 2). Tropical wet forests have high net primary productivity because the annual temperatures and precipitation values in these areas are ideal for plant growth. However, the driest month of a tropical wet forest still exceeds the annual rainfall of some other biomes, such as deserts. Tropical wet forests have wet months in which there can be more than 30 cm (11–12 in) of precipitation, as well as dry months in which there is fewer than 10 cm (3.5 in) of rainfall. While sunlight and temperature remain fairly consistent, annual rainfall is highly variable. The annual rainfall in tropical wet forests ranges from 125 to 660 cm (50–200 in) with some monthly variation. Instead, a constant daily amount of sunlight (11–12 hrs per day) provides more solar radiation, thereby, a longer period of time for plant growth. In contrast to other ecosystems, tropical ecosystems do not have long days and short days during the yearly cycle. This lack of seasonality leads to year-round plant growth, rather than the seasonal (spring, summer, and fall) growth seen in other biomes. ![]() When one compares the annual temperature variation of tropical wet forests with that of other forest biomes, the lack of seasonal temperature variation in the tropical wet forest becomes apparent. The temperature and sunlight profiles of tropical wet forests are very stable in comparison to that of other terrestrial biomes, with the temperatures ranging from 20 ☌ to 34 ☌ (68 ☏ to 93 ☏). Unlike the trees of deciduous forests, the trees in this biome do not have a seasonal loss of leaves associated with variations in temperature and sunlight these forests are “evergreen” year-round. The vegetation is characterized by plants with broad leaves that fall off throughout the year. This biome is found in equatorial regions ( Figure 1). ![]() Tropical wet forests are also referred to as tropical rainforests. (credit: “biome distribution” by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0) Tropical Wet Forest ![]() Figure 1: Each of the world’s major biomes is distinguished by characteristic temperatures and amounts of precipitation. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Harry then surrenders himself to Voldemort in the Forbidden Forest. Harry discovers that he himself became a Horcrux when Voldemort originally failed to kill him and that Harry must die to destroy the piece of Voldemort's soul within him. Harry also learns Dumbledore's death at Snape's hands was planned between them, and that the Patronus doe he saw in the woods that led him to the sword had been conjured by Snape. Following her death, Snape worked secretly with Dumbledore to protect Harry from Voldemort because of his love for Lily. Harry learns from Snape's memories that Snape loved Harry's late mother, Lily, but despised his father, James, who had bullied him. In the chaos at Hogwarts, Fred, Lupin, and Tonks have been killed. Before dying, Snape tells Harry to take his memories to the Pensieve. After entering the boathouse, the trio witness Voldemort telling Snape that the Elder Wand cannot serve Voldemort until Snape dies he then orders Nagini to kill Snape. As Voldemort's army attacks, Harry, seeing into Voldemort's mind, realises that Voldemort's snake Nagini is the final Horcrux. Harry stabs the diadem with the Basilisk fang and Ron kicks it into the Room of Requirement, where it is destroyed. Goyle casts a Fiendfyre curse and, unable to control it, is burned to death while Harry and his friends save Malfoy and Zabini. In the Room of Requirement, Draco, Blaise Zabini and Goyle attack Harry, but Ron and Hermione intervene. In the Chamber of Secrets, Hermione destroys the Horcrux cup with a Basilisk fang. At Luna Lovegood's insistence, Harry speaks to Helena Ravenclaw's ghost, who reveals that Voldemort performed "dark magic" on her mother's diadem, which is in the Room of Requirement. ![]() McGonagall gathers the Hogwarts community for battle. Harry confronts Snape, who flees after Minerva McGonagall challenges him to a duel. Snape hears of Harry's return and warns staff and students of punishment for aiding Harry. The trio apparate into Hogsmeade, where Aberforth Dumbledore instructs the portrait of his deceased younger sister, Ariana, to fetch Neville Longbottom, who leads the trio through a secret passageway into Hogwarts. Harry also realises there is a Horcrux at Hogwarts somehow connected to Rowena Ravenclaw. Harry sees a vision of Voldemort killing goblins, including Griphook, and learns Voldemort is aware of the theft. The three release the dragon guardian and flee on its back. He retrieves it, but Griphook snatches the sword of Godric Gryffindor and abandons the trio, leaving them cornered by security. In Bellatrix's vault, Harry discovers the Horcrux is Helga Hufflepuff's cup. Wandmaker Ollivander tells Harry that two wands taken from Malfoy Manor belonged to Bellatrix and to Draco Malfoy, but Malfoy's has changed its allegiance to Harry. Griphook agrees, in exchange for the Sword of Gryffindor. After burying Dobby, Harry Potter asks the help of goblin Griphook, Ron, and Hermione to break into Bellatrix Lestrange's vault at Gringotts bank, suspecting a Horcrux may be there. Lord Voldemort retrieves the Elder Wand from Albus Dumbledore's grave. Part 1 and Part 2 were released as a combo pack on DVD and Blu-ray on 11 November 2011 in Canada. The film was also released in the Harry Potter: Complete 8-Film Collection box set on DVD and Blu-ray, which included all eight films and new special features. The Blu-ray and DVD sets were released on 11 November 2011 in the United States and on 2 December 2011 in the United Kingdom. As of 2013, the film is the fourth highest grossing film of all time, the highest grossing film of 2011, the highest grossing film in the Harry Potter series, and the ninth film to gross over $1 billion. At the box office, Part 2 claimed the worldwide opening weekend record, earning $483.2 million, as well as setting opening day and opening weekend records in various countries. The film became a financial success and was one of the best-reviewed films of 2011. Part 2 was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D. Principal photography began on 19 February 2009, and was completed on 12 June 2010, with reshoots taking place in December 2010, marking the series' closure of ten years of filming. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. The story continues to follow Harry Potter's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes. The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. It is the second of two cinematic parts based on the novel by J. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ![]() |
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